Voice Disorders and Their Causes

In earlier articles, I discussed how to use the voice correctly. Now let us consider problems that can arise when it is used improperly.

The quality of our voice is closely related to how comfortably the vocal folds function. When they vibrate in synchronisation, the sound is pleasant. If they come together harshly and under strain, the sound is not only unpleasant: the folds may also be at risk of permanent damage. Everyone has a different vocal colour, and a person's timbre does not always match what their physical appearance might suggest. A voice problem exists when tone, pitch or quality interferes with the intended message and undermines communication. Pain or discomfort in the throat while speaking or singing can also indicate a voice problem.

1 — Nodules and Polyps

Nodules and polyps are among the most common benign growths in the middle portion of the vocal folds. Nodules are callus-like structures, whereas polyps are fluid-filled formations supplied by tiny blood vessels. A hoarse, strained voice and rapid vocal fatigue are typical symptoms of both.

Cause of the condition:

Both nodules and polyps develop in association with trauma to the vocal folds during speaking or singing. Smoking, alcohol, caffeine, allergies, reflux and exposure to harmful chemicals can also contribute to their formation.

2 — Cysts

Vocal fold cysts are like cysts elsewhere in the body: enclosed sacs filled with fluid. One-sided cysts occur in the middle portion of the folds, where vibration is greatest.

Cause of the condition:

The exact cause of vocal fold cysts is not fully understood. Because they form at the midpoint, where vibration is greatest, voice use is thought to play a role.

3 — Vocal Fold Paralysis

Vocal fold paralysis occurs when one or more nerves supplying the folds do not function properly, preventing normal movement. In many cases, the folds cannot close fully or at all. They may also be unable to lengthen as needed for high notes. The condition can cause breathing difficulties too.

Cause of the condition:

Vocal fold paralysis can have many causes. Viral causes are among the most common. These problems may occur following influenza or an upper respiratory infection with associated laryngitis.

Other conditions include:

4 — Puberphonia

5 — Reinke's Oedema (Polypoid Degeneration)

6 — Muscle Tension Dysphonia

7 — Sulcus Vocalis

8 — Granulomas

9 — Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement

10 — Spasmodic Dysphonia

11 — Voice Concerns in Transgender People

These are among the other conditions.

Zeynep Fuçucuoğlu
Rekor Sanat – Singing Teacher